Vector

vec is a global constructor for 3D vectors. Creates a {x, y, z} table. All methods that accept vectors will accept {x, y, z}, {x=x, y=y, z=z} and vec(x, y, z)

local v = vec(1, 2, 3)

Metatable name: "vec"

Properties

Three read/write numeric properties: v.x, v.y, v.z.

Methods

vec:length()

Returns sqrt(x² + y² + z²) as a number.

local len = vec(3, 4, 0):length() -- 5.0

vec:lengthSq()

Returns x² + y² + z² without the square root. Faster than length() when only comparisons are needed.

local sq = vec(3, 4, 0):lengthSq() -- 25.0

vec:distance(other)

Returns the Euclidean distance between two vectors.

local d = vec(0, 0, 0):distance(vec(3, 4, 0)) -- 5.0

vec:distanceSq(other)

Returns the squared distance. Faster than distance() for range checks.

if pos:distanceSq(target) < 100 then -- within 10 blocks
  ...
end

vec:normalized()

Returns a unit vector (length ≈ 1) in the same direction. Returns (0, 0, 0) for zero vectors.

local dir = vec(3, 4, 0):normalized() -- approx (0.6, 0.8, 0)

vec:dot(other)

Returns the dot product.

local d = vec(1, 0, 0):dot(vec(0, 1, 0)) -- 0.0

vec:cross(other)

Returns the cross product.

local c = vec(1, 0, 0):cross(vec(0, 1, 0)) -- vec(0, 0, 1)

Operators

Operator	Example	Behaviour
+	v1 + v2	Component-wise addition
-	v1 - v2	Component-wise subtraction
*	v1 * v2	Component-wise multiplication
*	v * n or n * v	Scalar multiplication
/	v / n	Scalar division
-	-v	Negation
==	v1 == v2	Equality (all components equal)
tostring	tostring(v)	Returns "(x, y, z)"

local a = vec(1, 2, 3)
local b = vec(4, 5, 6)

local sum     = a + b         -- vec(5, 7, 9)
local diff    = a - b         -- vec(-3, -3, -3)
local compMul = a * b         -- vec(4, 10, 18)
local scalar  = a * 10        -- vec(10, 20, 30)
local div     = a / 2         -- vec(0.5, 1, 1.5)
local neg     = -a            -- vec(-1, -2, -3)
print(tostring(a))            -- "(1, 2, 3)"